Management Practices
Agronomic Practices of betel
Betel cultivation requires specific agronomic practices to ensure healthy growth and high-quality leaf production.
Propagation of Betel
Selection of Propagation Material
The best cuttings are taken from healthy, mature betel vines that are at least 2–3 years old. These vines are strong, disease-free, and produce high-quality leaves. The stem cuttings should be 10–15 cm long, with at least 3–4 nodes(leaf joints). Each cutting should have healthy buds to ensure successful rooting and growth. Trim the cutting just below a node to avoid damage and to encourage better rooting. The top part of the cutting should be free from any damaged tissue.
Rooting the Cuttings
There are two main methods to root betel cuttings: direct planting in the soil or rooting in a nursery bed
Rooting Time and Transplanting
It usually takes 3–4 weeks for the cuttings to develop roots, depending on weather conditions and soil quality. Once the cuttings have developed a strong root system, they will show new growth at the top, indicating they are ready to be transplanted. After rooting, the cuttings can be carefully transplanted into their permanent field location. Ensure the spacing between plants is sufficient to allow for proper vine growth and air circulation.
Care of Newly Transplanted Vines
Immediately after transplanting, provide a support structure like wooden poles, bamboo, or trellises for the vines to climb. This is crucial for healthy growth, as betel is a climbing plant. Keep the transplanted vines shaded until they establish themselves in the new environment. Continue to water the young vines consistently, ensuring the soil remains moist but well-drained. Over time, as the plants grow, watering needs will reduce.
Maintenance and Growth
Once the cuttings have established themselves, train the vines to climb the support structures and prune regularly to remove any weak or unnecessary growth. Proper pruning helps maintain plant health and encourages better leaf production.
Weed management
Weed management in betel cultivation is crucial to prevent weeds from competing with the plants for nutrients, water, and sunlight. Pre-planting weed control involves land preparation, plowing, and using herbicides if necessary. During planting and early growth, manual weeding, mulching, and selective herbicide application are effective methods. As the betel plants mature, shading from the vines helps reduce weed growth.